Matchmaking anywhere between Roentgen ? , DR and you may p
Performance
To investigate the relationship between diving (DR), tortuosity ( R ? ) and foraging opportunity, the proportion of time seafood were present in video (pfish, all species pooled due to rarity of individual species, which included known or potential prey based on stomach contents; Grainger et al., 2020; see Supplementary Video 2) was quantified as a proxy for prey availability over 15 min windows. Several other non-prey/miscellaneous objects were also observed (e.g., jellyfish, starfish, and detached kelp), but excluded from analysis due to their rarity (absent in >90% of summary windows for most individuals).
fish were investigated by fitting several candidate zero-inflated beta mixed models (ZIBMM, accommodating zeros where fish were absent; Douma and Weedon, 2019) using the “glmmTMB” package, with R ? , DR or DR + R ? as predictors, an individual random intercept or intercept + slope (as for LMMs above), and an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) temporal correlation structure (“ou” function) for irregularly spaced time series (night-time hours between 4 pm and 7 am excluded from analysis; Brooks et al., 2017). Fixed, random effects and correlation structures were specified for both the conditional and zero-inflated components of each model. The favored model was determined using AICc comparisons as above. Convergence failed in several models unless the OU correlation was removed from the conditional and/or zero-inflated component, however this produced correlated residuals and did not improve the AICc. Thus, model selection only considered converged models including the OU structure.
Full Actions and you will Displacement Immediately after Launch
Kitties cameras was indeed implemented into the eight light whales (cuatro males and you will 4 girls, 168–258 cm Florida) to have nine.7–136.2 h, creating 258.8 h out of logger data (mean ± SD = thirty-two.4 ± twenty-five.step 1 h, range = 9.7–87.cuatro h) and 81.six h out-of films (indicate ± SD = 10.2 ± cuatro.2 h, range = 5.0–fifteen.3 h, anywhere between eight in the morning and 4 pm everyday; Table step one). All the whales went overseas immediately after release (?10–31 kilometres off coast) having a suggest ± SD NLD range in the tagging location away from forty-five.2 ± 61.5 kilometer and you will NLD price of 1.1 ± 0.cuatro km h –1 (Table 1 and Profile 1). Really sharks moved southern-eastern of your tagging place (suggest ± SD NLD hit = 146.six ± thirty-six.7°, Dining table step 1 and you can Contour step siti web incontri online one). Which immediate blog post-discharge course was substantiated because of the videos therefore the oscillatory dive of whales within epidermis and you may seabed, for the limit breadth regarding successive dives (approximating seabed breadth) expanding through to the ?40–60 meters depth contour (imply ± SD time for you to come to 40 yards figure = 5.6 ± step 3.cuatro h, variety 2.3–11.3 h, Profile 4). One to shark which have a longer implementation period (s370w) flew 195.2 kilometer southward in the 5.7 days, that have a comparable NLD rates with other individuals (Dining table step one and you will Figure 1B). Tailbeat analyses conveyed cases of sliding (no tailbeat), mostly while in the plunge descents (Rates step 3, 4 and you will Second Clips step one). Sharks attained an indicate ± SD restrict breadth of 69.six ± twenty-five.2 meters (diversity 41.5–118.4 meters), and usually stayed into the waters > 40 meters breadth shortly after the initially offshore path (Shape cuatro). Pursuing the an initial plunge stage, many people tended to swim peak each day and diving a lot more in the evening (Contour 4). Although not, shark s378w demonstrated yet another pattern, remaining closer to coastline (despite the same deployment duration to many other individuals, Shape 1 and you may Dining table step 1) and you can dive constantly (Contour 4). Films analysis revealed that whales swam primarily on seabed (imply ± SD, 39.8 ± twenty-five.2% of your time) otherwise skin (37.step one ± twenty four.8%) and you will invested a shorter time in the middle of the water column (23.step 1 ± 15.6%). Sand was the most famous substratum (38.9 ± 26.0% from full examined films), having lowest usage of most other habitats (Secondary Numbers 2, 4).
