Hover Fly and Bee Fly Species Diversity
Bee Types Variety
Of 2009 so you can 2018, 192 bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was trapped from inside the Calanques National Park via each other internet and you will bowl trap stuff. They belonged in order to half dozen parents and you can 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually by far the most varieties-rich nearest and dearest, accompanied by Apidae and you will Halictidae, that have 53, forty two, and you can 43 species, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 are the latest wealthiest genus, having 33 varieties, whereas eight genera was represented by the only one kinds (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step one [on the web only] ). With the jackknife step one and you will dos indexes, the entire bee species richness was projected become between ± nine.89 and you may ± . Brand new noticed fullness ergo represented 71.step three in order to 79.6% of your projected bee richness ( Dining table 2). The fresh Chao1 method projected the latest observed richness to-be 76.8% of one’s prospective restriction fullness ( Dining table dos). More plentiful types was Apis mellifera L. (276 some body), with Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 individuals, respectively), and Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 somebody). Fundamentally, 50 species (26%) was indeed illustrated by the singular personal (singletons).
Environmental Qualities of Bees
About your ecological faculties from nesting tastes, i identified 59 single bee kinds nesting more than surface, ninety five solitary bee species nesting below ground and you will 23 cleptoparasitic varieties, add up to 31.7, 47.nine, and you will a dozen.0% of the complete bee kinds richness, respectively. I perceived four public varieties (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). In the long run, the fresh new nesting choice away from 14 kinds are nevertheless unfamiliar (eight.3%- Supp Table 1 [on the web simply] ). Concerning your flowery eating plan regarding bee varieties, we learned that 105 kinds (54.7%) foraged towards many bush variety (we.elizabeth., generalist variety, polylectic) and you may 51 types (twenty six.5%) foraged using one bush household members or that/partners plant varieties (we.elizabeth., professional varieties, oligolectic). On the left thirty six bee kinds (18.8%), the newest floral diet was not recognized (elizabeth.grams., having cleptoparasitic varieties). not, very generalist types demonstrated a preference for starters or a number of bush parents ( Supp Dining table 1 [on the internet only] ). To the forty-two singletons, 14 bee variety (28%) were gurus, and you will 9 bee varieties (18%) was basically cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step 1 [on the internet merely] ).
An IUCN standing is actually readily available for 178 variety (excluding the new types complexes and you may unidentified kinds). One particular, 47 kinds had been classified since the studies lacking (DD-26.4%), 124 varieties was indeed least worried (LC-69.6%), six varieties was indeed close endangered (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one species is noticed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step one [online simply] ). Three oligolectic types have been one of several seven threatened bee variety. Good. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus is professionals towards Fabaceae, D. argentata try a specialist on the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 to help you 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was indeed trapped in the Calanques National Playground. They belonged to 24 genera ( Supp Dining table 2 [on line simply] ). Many numerous genera was basically Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 some body), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen individuals), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville within the Latreille, 1828 (13 anyone), whereas 20 species (53%) was basically portrayed of the just one personal ( Supp Dining table dos [on line only] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was represented because of the 20 variety, also five singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk 3 [on the web simply] ). New quote off complete kinds richness of hover flies and you will bee flies are between 83 and 97 varieties making use of the jackknife step one and dos indexes, respectively. Thus, new observed fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of your projected hover fly and you may bee travel richness ( Dining table chat zozo review 2).
